Across Europe, conservatives were horrified and monarchies called for war against revolutionary France. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted on 26 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791. In the course of 1793, the Holy Roman Empire, the kings of Portugal and Naples, and the Grand-Duke of Tuscany declared war against France. REPUBLICANISM radical, non-monarchical alternative of American colonies in 1776 Revolution 1792-95 First French Republic influenced by Rousseau, by American Republic of 1776 September 20 - The National Convention is established. The trial began on December 3. The Insurrection of August 10, 1792, was one of the defining events in the history of the French Revolution. Louis XVI's execution catalyses extreme resistance throughout much of Europe. September 22nd, 1792. After the official abolition of the French monarchy on 21 September 1792, the National Convention instituted the new French Revolutionary Calendar. The task of lead counsel eventually fell to Raymond Desèze, assisted by François Denis Tronchet and Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes. The execution of Louis XVI united all European governments, including Spain, Naples, and the Netherlands, against the Revolution. Tennis Court Oath. A commission was established to examine evidence against the King while the Convention’s Legislation Committee considered legal aspects of any future trial. Given overwhelming evidence of Louis’ collusion with the invaders during the ongoing war with Austria and Prussia, the verdict was a foregone conclusion. Redefining the organization of the French government, citizenship and the limits to the powers of government, the National Assembly set out to represent the interests of the general will. September 25, 1791 The deputies of the National Constituent Assembly adopt the first version of the Penal Code (French: Code Pénal), a set of rules governing violations and criminal responsibility. It was the first French assembly elected by universal male suffrage, without distinctions of class. Before the In the history o Fraunce, the First Republic, offeecially the French Republic (French: République française), wis foondit on 22 September 1792, bi the newly established Naitional Convention. September - The September Massacres occur between September 2 - 7. Paris hosts an international exposition in September of 1798, but economic conditions remain grim. A new revolutionary calendar is adopted by the National Convention which sets 1792 as the first year (first year of the republic) and has 14 months instead of 12 based on non-Christian times of the year. The First Coalition against France is formed by Great Britain, Holland, Spain, Austria, and Prussia. Marie Antoinette was tried separately, after Louis’s death. The National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution. In late September, therefore, the first election took place under the rules of the Constitution of 1791. February 1st, 1793. ... Constitution of September 1791. September 22 - The First French Republic is founded. Box A Thus, the First Coalition was formed. 1949 September 2-6th: The September Massacres in Paris result in around 1,200 deaths. In the autumn of 1792, the revolutionary government, having written off the idea of a constitutional monarchy, set about electing a National Convention of delegates to oversee the country. 6. Not a single deputy voted “no,” although 26 attached some condition to their votes. 2.The French people is, for the purpose of exercising its sovereignty, divided into primary assemblies according to cantons. On November 20, opinion turned sharply against Louis following the discovery of a secret cache of 726 documents of his personal communications. 34 voted for death with attached conditions (23 of whom invoked the Mailhe amendment), 2 voted for life imprisonment in irons, 319 voted for imprisonment until the end of the war (to be followed by banishment). France declared war against Britain and the Netherlands on February 1, 1793, and soon afterwards against Spain. Paris voted overwhelmingly for death, 21 to 3. After being kept under what was essentially "house arrest," King Louis XVI and his family made an escape attempt from the Tuileries Palace to Varennes in 1791. The First Republic (1792-1804) Following the aftermaths of the Revolution of 1789 and the abolishment of the monarchy, the First Republic of France is established on September 22 of 1792. Start studying French Revolution Dates: 1789-1794. Several factions formed in response to this, including the Jacobins, who completely disagreed with the monarchy and thought the Revolution should move forward. It provided the focus of political debate and revolutionary law-making between the periods of the National Constituent Assembly and the National Convention. (However, the Revolutionary Calendar was not introduced until 24 November 1793. The first French Republic was proclaimed. August 25, 1788. National Convention: A single-chamber assembly in France from September 20, 1792, to October 26, 1795, during the French Revolution. Jacques Necker appointed Minister of France. The execution of Louis XVI united all European governments, including Spain, Naples, and the Netherlands, against the Revolution. The "Constitution de l'an VII" grants him the majority of the power and declares him "Premier consul de la République." Despite the domestic chaos plaguing France, the government insists on a military draft and preparation for international war. French Revolution Timeline. Though 100 men are killed, Napoleon succeeds in controlling the mob, and is soon given command of the French army. She was guillotined on October 16, 1793. On 3 September 1791, the National Constituent Assembly forced king Louis XVI to accept the French Constitution of 1791, thus turning the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. On September 20, the Convention became the new de facto government of France, and the next day it abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. This degree of planning reveals Louis’ political determination; unfortunately, it was for this determined plot that he was eventually captured and charged with high treason. (However, the Revolutionary Calendar was not introduced until 24 November 1793.) Louis was to be put to death. Ultimately, 693 deputies voted “yes” for a guilty verdict. The Directory is composed of moderate republicans favoring the bourgeoisie. March 1792. Comparative Literature Departments, Developed & hosted by TheFrench Revolutionary Army was the armed forces of the First French Republic and French Consulate from 1791 to 1802, founded after the French Revolution that created a new republican government. 5. Minister of the Armies) is the official in charge of the Ministry of the Armed Forces in the Government of the French Republic, charged with running the French Armed Forces.. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Commune, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoire_de_fer, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Louis_XVI, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_August_(French_Revolution), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/. The Constitution of 1791 is also suspended at this time. Napoleon returns to France and conspires to overthrow the Directory through the coup of 18 Brumaire (November 9-10, 1799). Most of the pieces of correspondence in the cabinet involved ministers of Louis XVI, but others involved most of the big players of the Revolution. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Aftermath of August 10 On January 21, 1815 Louis XVI and his wife’s remains were reburied in the Basilica of Saint-Denis where in 1816 his brother, King Louis XVIII, had a funerary monument erected by Edme Gaulle. French Studies and https://www.thoughtco.com/french-revolution-timeline-1789-91-1221888 3.For the purpose of administration and justice, it is divided into departments, districts, and municipalities. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Also in October of 1795, Napoleon Bonaparte, an emerging military officer, is placed in charge of troops sent to control a royalist riot in Paris. In October of 1795, France establishes the new Directory consisting of five men who are chosen by the new legislature, the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients. The following day, the Convention’s president Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac presented it with the indictment and decreed the interrogation of Louis XVI. The Convention’s secretary read the charges: “the French people” accused Louis of committing “a multitude of crimes in order to establish [his] tyranny by destroying its liberty.” Louis XVI heard 33 charges. A commission was established to examine evidence against him while the Convention’s Legislation Committee considered legal aspects of any future trial. Napoleon's new government is authoritarian with a central administration supported by local ruling powers. This situation became an international point of focus, and some of the debates from … At their first meeting, the Convention decides to try King Louis XVI for treason, finds him guilty, and executes him on January 21, 1793. In September of 1791, the National Assembly passed the Constitution of 1791, which established France as a limited monarchy. A project of the In the history of France, the First Republic, officially the French Republic (French: République française), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The years of 1793-1794 mark the Reign of Terror, a period of mass executions directed by the Montagnards' Committee of Public Safety and the Revolutionary Tribunal in an attempt to rid France of counterrevolutionaries. The Consulate (1799-1804) is thus established and Napoleon is later appointed the first consul for life in 1802. The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty. On January 21, 1793, the former Louis XVI, now simply named Citoyen Louis Capet (Citizen Louis Capet), was executed by guillotine. Center for The civic oath is: I swear to be faithful to the nation, to the law, and to the King, and to maintain with all my power the Constitution of the kingdom, decreed by the National Constituent Assembly in the years 1789, 1790, and 1791. 1927: Gene Tunney successfully defended his heavyweight boxing title against Jack Dempsey in the "long count" fight in Chicago. 26 deputies were absent from the vote, most on official business. For punishment, 361 voted for death without conditions, just carrying the vote by a marginal majority. In September 1791, the National Assembly released its much-anticipated Constitution of 1791, which created a constitutional monarchy, or limited monarchy, for France. Combatants Haitian Slaves Spanish Empire (1791-1794) First French Republic (1794-1796) First French Republic (1791-1794, 1796-1804) Spanish Empire (1794-1796) Great Britain (1793-98) Rival rebel groups Commanders Toussaint L'ouverture Henri Christophe Napoleon I Donatien de Rochambeau Charles Leclerc Thomas Maitland TheHaitian Revolutionwas a fast-changing military and political arena in … That day became 1 Vendemiaire of the year I of the Republic. The Convention’s unanimous declaration of a French Republic on September 21, 1792, left open the fate of the King. The next day the Convention abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. The new French Republican Calendar discarded all Christian reference points and calculated time from the Republic's first full day after the monarchy, 22 September 1792, the first day of Year One. Across Europe, conservatives were horrified and monarchies called for war against revolutionary France. PLAY. July 9, 1789. Given overwhelming evidence of Louis’s collusion with the invaders during the ongoing war with Austria and Prussia, the verdict was a foregone conclusion. The Constitution also calls for a separation of powers and limited suffrage.

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