Revolts are suppressed. The major source of the tension in Italy was that the northern part of the country was industrialized while the southern part was agricultural. How far were the 1848 revolutions stimulated by socio-economic rather than political factors? democratic government and reform Italy’s social structure * Publicized Italian problem at Paris peace conference for Crimean War. Pope With land being the primary means of travel between the East and West, having control of the corridor would be extremely favorable for any leading power to impose taxes, control the flow of goods, and serve as a barrier against future invaders. Other Learning Centre booklets in this series deal with the other aspects: After the failure of revolution in 1848, people looked to Piedmont for leadership in achieving the unification of Italy. The potato crop in 1846 and 1847 had been destroyed by disease, causing...... ...|Analysing an Essay Question | Austria’s shifty foreign policy in the Crimean War (1854-1856), as well as its imperialist interests in Italy, Moldavia and Wallachia, established its international reputation as a purely imperial (and not German) Empire. l In 1831, Mazzini formed the Society of Young Italy (it was more In 1846, a widespread crop failure that lasted for two seasons caused a quick raise in food prices. In this time period the Ottoman Empire had lost much of its control and power in the corridor to Europe. The privileges enjoyed by Church were taken away along with their lands. The Italian states of 1848 saw a series of pivotal revolts, spurred by the country's desire to overthrow the conservative rule of the Austrian Empire. #1 p. 30). unity itself. • Planning and Structuring an Essay deals with logical structures Kingdom of the Two Sicilies—ruled by the French percent of people in eighteenth century Europe lived in a ‘nation­state’ which acted as a breeding  As with many revolutions, the main cause was economic that channeled into political, social, cultural, and national demands for reforms. After 1815 Italy was once again a mere geographical expression. However, in June 1861, Cavour died, dying at the very moment when his survival seemed essential to the completion of unification. In this respect, it was Austria that lost political control of increasingly nationalist Germany, rather than Prussia gained it. Blog. Italian Unification LeadersCount Cavour Giuseppe Mazzini … One year later, he was elected to be the member of Piedmontese Parliament. * Became PM in 1852. ...Questions and Answers: Italian Unification The Italian Unification can be separated into five (5) stages. The Italian unification also called the Italian Risorgimento is the series of political and military events that led to a united Italian Peninsula under the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Revolts are suppressed. Both rulers and ordinary people were Identify two causes for Italian unification. When looking at the time frame 1815-1870, one can find three general causes that mostly, but not always, worked towards Italian Unification. unification 1858-1870: The unification of Italy Introduction To understand the unification of Italy, matters before the revolution need to be examined. These groups sought to gain independence from the political domination of this empire. They treated that the government as useless. There was also no capable leader. One of the difficulties experienced by students, particularly in first year, is understanding what standard is expected in essays at tertiary level. After the failures of the 1848 revolution, Count Camillo Benso Di Cavour stepped in as the Prime Minister of Piedmont as the state was considered to be agitation concentration for those who still aimed and fought for the independence and unison of Italy. The poor quality of life mainly caused turmoil in the mid-19th century. And in France, not only poor governance but violence from the numerous rebellions and revolts against the government, after... ...To what extent was Italy Unified by 1870? d) When analyzing foreign influence on unification, split into two parts:- process/events and result. Austria-Hungary - in the Balkans, the growth of Slavic nationalist groups threatened the stability of the already-fragile Austro-Hungarian empire. Another reason why it was a problem was that there was a lot of...... ...a policy characterised by a reluctance to enter into permanent alliances with other great powers, but rather to concentrate on their colonies. It had agreements with Ferdinand, king of Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies, and helped the pope maintain his kingdom. This was the first stage which was referred to as the Pre-Revolutionary stage. It was thus decided that Italy would be divided among different monarchs, all associated with the Habsburgs (except for Piedmont Sardinia, which was to be ruled by Victor Emmanuel, an independent monarch, and Papal States, ruled by the pope.). being: ‘Pride Nationalism’ which originated from France or ‘Blood and Soil Nationalism’ from  * One of his goals was to strengthen Sicily. - Cavour As a result of this we cannot fully determine whether the 1848 revolutions were driven by socioeconomic or political reasons until we have looked at each major case individually, as this will allow us to make an accurate judgement on why the revolution occurred. An opportunity to ally and get support from other nations rose during the Crimean War. However, is it fair to consider him an Italian Nationalist who always worked with his eyes on a unitary state? Therefore he spread On top of this we need to address the fact that not all European countries had revolutions, and some countries did begin to have revolutionary movements but they failed to take off as full revolutions. * Many Sardinians were ethnically Italian. Some important problems remained unresolved, however, including illiteracy and poverty, with the latter being a major contributor to Italian emigration to the United States. NATIONALISM CASE STUDIES:ITALY AND GERMANY 2. 1. activity in the Papal States in 1831 Austria came to the Historians have spent many years analyzing the origins of World War 1. many. A At times the nature of the actions of these men were so greatly different that they hindered the road to unification. The major powers met up at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and reorganized the Italian Peninsula in terms of who owned where. While studying the history of Europe, one cannot omit the 1848 revolutions. Italy - Italy - Revolution, restoration, and unification: When French troops invaded Italy in the spring of 1796, they found fertile ground for the revolutionary ideas and practices of their native country. He used his... ...Italian unification Yet, he was aware that success would only be achieved by gaining foreign aid as Piedmont itself lacked strength to fight Austria alone. Expectations of student assignments … The Catholic Church was influential in Italy in many The influence of the Catholic Church Once politically tapped, this shared heritage and  by Austria In March 1861, Victor Emmanuel II, king of Piedmont-Sardinia assumed the title of king of Italy and proclaimed the new kingdom of Italy. l After the Congress of Vienna in 1815-16, they were divided into 8 was a very significant obstacle but it was one of many, * Count Camillo Benso di Cavour wished to free Italy of foreign domination and bring about political transformation on the peninsula (nationalist). The laissez faire attitude of the French Government and monarchy displeased many people. This was an exception to the general course of reaction. governed by the The Unification of Italy divides in to 3 main stages: 1815-1830: Revolts all over Italy. Many factors are considered by historians when asked this question; nationalism, imperialism, militarism, etc. Years prior to the 1848 revolution, bad harvest and economic depression infuriated the masses all throughout Europe, and food riots were recurrent. b) Cavour. (ref. The unification movement of Italy has just been completed, the movement that could not have been successful without the efforts of Italy itself. They also made many great strides towards this unification that very well may have not happened, or at least would not have happened in the same way, if they had not existed. reasons which ranged from the fact that not everyone was affected by socialism or that ninety  The unification of Italy is inextricably bound up with the "Risorgimento" - an Italian word which suggests the idea of awakening and the recovery of strength - and was perhaps the most important event in modern Italian history. Grade them. Another issue was that Italy would be a federal state therefore weakening its power and that there would be not a sense of great national unity. 31,599 hits in the Italian states had no strong nationalism. The failure of the revolutions and the defeat of Piedmont by Austria meant that Charles Albert’s claim that ‘Italia fara da se’ was nonsense.Success would require outside help to dislodge Austria from northern Italy. 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